Magazine date:
Jan 2023 
Climatologists have defined the following six key indicators for measuring the magnitude of climate change:
- average global temperature: 1.11°C increase since pre-industrial times.
- carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere: an increase of nearly 100 ppm (parts per million) in 40 years.
- sea level: a 3 mm rise per year since 1993.
- the oceans' energy content: energy absorbed by the oceans, which reduces the global temperature.
- the ice pack surface: the decrease of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice surface.
- the loss of glacier mass: melting of the equivalent of a 28-meter layer of ice spread over all the world's glaciers.